Neurodegenerative diseases is an academic concept and research field dedicated to the study of a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration and death of neurons, primarily within the central or peripheral nervous system. This field investigates the etiologies, cellular and molecular mechanisms, pathological processes, and clinical manifestations of these conditions, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, aiming to develop diagnostics, therapeutics, and preventative strategies for these debilitating illnesses.